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    <title>Binary and relational opertors</title>

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<h2>Binary and relational operators</h2>


<p>Some "math" symbols are obtained by typing the corresponding

    keyboard character. Examples include</p>



<pre>

    + - = &lt; &gt;

</pre>


<p><strong>Note:</strong> plus, minus, and equal sign may be used in

    either text or math mode, but &lt; and &gt; are math mode only

    (they produce inverted exclamation and question marks, respectively,

    in text mode).</p>


<p>The following commands may be used only in math mode.</p>


<ul>

    <li><tt>\pm</tt> - plus or minus sign

    <li><tt>\mp</tt> - minus or plus sign

    <li><tt>\times</tt> - times (an "x")

    <li><tt>\div</tt> - divided by sign

    <li><tt>\ast</tt> - an asterisk (centered)

    <li><tt>\star</tt> - a five-point star (centered)

    <li><tt>\bullet</tt> - a bullet

    <li><tt>\circ</tt> - an open bullet

    <li><tt>\cdot</tt> - a centered dot (see also,

        <tt><a href="ltx-207.html">\cdots</a></tt>)

</ul>


<ul>

    <li><tt>\leq</tt> - less than or equal to

    <li><tt>\ll</tt> - much less than

    <li><tt>\subset</tt> - is a subset of

    <li><tt>\geq</tt> - greater than or equal to

    <li><tt>\gg</tt> - much greater than

    <li><tt>\equiv</tt> - equivalence symbol

    <li><tt>\sim</tt> - similar to

    <li><tt>\simeq</tt> - similar or equal to

    <li><tt>\approx</tt> - approximately equal to

    <li><tt>\neq</tt> - not equal to

    <li><tt>\per</tt> - "perpendicular to" symbols

    <li><tt>\propto</tt> - proportional to

</ul>


<p>Note that "greater than" and "less than" are obtained simply by

    entering <tt>&gt;</tt> and <tt>&lt;</tt>.</p>


<p>A slash, indicating <a name=not>"not"</a> can be placed

    through a symbol (or a letter) with the <tt>\not</tt> command.

    For example, not less than is</p>



<pre>

    \not&lt;  

</pre>


<p>and not less than or equal to is</p>



<pre>

    \not\leq

</pre>


<p>If the slash isn't properly positioned it can be moved by

    putting a <a href="ltx-118.html">math mode spacing command</a>

    between the <tt>\not</tt> and the symbol.</p>


<p>Related topics:</p>


<ul>

    <li><a href="ltx-406.html">Arrows</a></li>

    <li><a href="ltx-403.html">Delimiters</a></li>

    <li><a href="ltx-405.html">Greek letters</a></li>

    <li><a href="ltx-407.html">Miscellaneous symbols</a></li>

    <li><a href="ltx-408.html">Variable size symbols</a>

        (sums, integrals, etc.)
    </li>

</ul>


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<p>

    See also <a href="ltx-115.html">Math Formulas</a>,

    <a href="ltx-117.html">Math Symbols</a><br>

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